What Is a Root Canal?
The easiest way to understand what a root canal is and when root canal therapy is required is to first understand a bit about the anatomy and structure of a tooth. There are essentially three layers of the tooth:
- The white outer layer of enamel
- A layer of dentin
- The pulp of the tooth
The pulp of the tooth, or nerve, is made up of nerve tissue, blood vessels, and connective tissues. A root canal is needed when this pulpal tissue has become irreversibly irritated or infected. While there are many causes of an irreversibly irritated or infected nerve, the most common cause is decay, or a cavity that has progressed through the enamel and dentin and into the nerve of the tooth.
Many people ask us how a tooth can survive if we remove the blood supply and nerve from the tooth, and this is a great question! The dental pulp is most active and necessary during tooth development. After the tooth has fully formed, the tooth is supported by the surrounding bone and gingival (gum) tissues, and the dental pulp is no longer necessary for continued survival of the tooth. This is why root canal therapy, in which the infected dental pulp is removed and replaced with a filling material, is so successful.